The declassified Bunker at The Greenbrier is a must-see experience that takes you behind the scenes and walks you through a fascinating period in the resort's history. Carved deep into the mountainside beneath our West Virginia Wing is an emergency Cold War fallout shelter.
Show map of the United StatesLocation, nearBuilt1858, 1913Architectet al.Architectural style,NRHP reference #Significant datesAdded to NRHPOctober 9, 1974Designated NHLDJune 21, 1990The Greenbrier is a located in the near in, in the United States.Since 1778, visitors have traveled to this part of the state to 'take the waters' of the area. Today, The Greenbrier is situated on 11,000 acres (4,500 ha) of land with 710 guest rooms, 20 restaurants and lounges, more than 55 indoor and outdoor activities and sports, and 36 retail shops.The current Greenbrier was built in 1913 by the and was owned for much of its history by that company and its successors,.
Following years of heavy losses, CSX placed the hotel into bankruptcy in 2009. Justice Family Group, LLC, a company owned by local entrepreneur, subsequently bought the property and guaranteed all debts, resulting in dismissal of the bankruptcy.
Justice promised to return the hotel to its former status as a resort and to introduce 'tasteful' gambling for guests to increase profit. The Greenbrier Hotel Corp. Today operates as a subsidiary of Justice's company.The last U.S. President to stay at The Greenbrier during a was. A total of 26 presidents have stayed at the hotel.The Greenbrier is also the site of a massive underground bunker that was meant to serve as an emergency shelter for the during the. The bunker was code named ',' and Fritz Bugas was the former onsite superintendent. Contents.History Early development A of is at the center of the resort property.
It is surrounded by the white-columned, topped by a green dome that has been the symbol of The Greenbrier for generations. Beginning in 1778, Mrs. Anderson, a local pioneer, adopted the local tradition of 'taking the waters' to relieve her chronic.
Based on this resource, for the first 125 years, the resort was known by the name White Sulphur Springs. It was a destination for people during the summers who wanted to escape coastal heat and diseases.The property was acquired by the Calwells, a prominent family. They developed the large property as a resort, selling cottages, many of which still stand today, to prominent individuals. Notable guests of the early 19th century included and.In 1858, they built a huge hotel building on the property.
The Grand Central Hotel came to be known by the moniker 'The White' and, later, 'The Old White'. During the, the property changed hands between forces of the and the, who almost burned the resort to the ground.Following the Civil War, the resort reopened. It became a place for many Southerners and Northerners alike to vacation.
It was the setting for some notable post-war reconciliations. The 'White Sulphur Manifesto', the only political paper published by Confederate General after the Civil War, advocated the merging of the two societies. The resort became a center of regional post-war society, especially after the arrival of the railroad. Beginning in 1869, it provided direct service to the resort's gates.The Greenbrier In 1910, the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway purchased the resort property, building additional amenities, including the current bath wing, which opened in 1911.
The C&O's improvements culminated with the construction of a colossal six-story, 250-room hotel building, which forms the central wing of today's hotel. Designed by British-born American architect, it opened on September 25, 1913. At this time, what had for decades been a summer establishment was converted to a year-round resort, and the name was officially changed to The Greenbrier, after the. The neighboring town had incorporated in 1909 and adopted the name, which the resort had previously used.
The railroad also introduced the game of golf, which became a defining feature of the resort. The first small course was opened in 1910, and a full 18-hole course, designed by, opened at The Greenbrier in 1913. That original course is today known as 'The Old White TPC'. The historic Old White Hotel structure was demolished in 1922 because it failed to meet then-current fire codes. In 1931, completion of the north wing, crossing the original 1913 wing like a 'T', nearly doubled the size of the hotel.Just after the United States entered, the resort was called on December 17, 1941, to serve as a for diplomats who were in the United States and had been interned as enemies of the United States. The first detainees were Germans; later, they were joined by Japanese diplomats previously interned at in.
The hotel served as a diplomatic detention center until July 8, 1942.The hotel briefly reopened for the 1942 season, but was soon commandeered by the U.S. Army for use as a hospital. The Army paid $3.3 million for the property, which had been valued at $5.4 million, and took over control of the property on September 1, 1942. They converted the resort to a 2000-bed hospital, known as Ashford General Hospital, named for, a noted Army doctor. The hospital opened on October 16, 1943. The hospital treated nearly 25,000 patients before closing on June 30, 1946.
The property was sold back to the C&O railroad for just under the $3.3 million they had been paid in 1942.C&O hired internationally renowned interior designer to completely redecorate and restore The Greenbrier. Draper oversaw every element of the design of the property in her trademark style: combining bold colors, classical influences and modern touches, and the work took two years. The Greenbrier's reopening, celebrated from April 15 to April 18, 1948, was an international social event of the season. It attracted such luminaries as the and his wife, (who had spent her honeymoon with her first husband at The Greenbrier in 1916), and members of the Joseph. Since the late 20th century, the resort has hosted several presidents and vice-presidents, in addition to foreign dignitaries such as, and and of.Hosts international meetings The Greenbrier resort has played host to several important international meetings.
During, future Canadian prime minister, then assigned to the Canadian embassy in, was among the illustrious guests planning the Allied effort for resources allocation. The U.S., Mexican, and Canadian leaders met at the Greenbrier in 1955 for international discussions. The Bunker. Main article:In the late 1950s, the approached The Greenbrier for assistance in creating a emergency relocation center to house in the aftermath of a. The classified, underground facility, named ', was built at the same time as the West Virginia Wing, an above-ground addition to the hotel, from 1959 to 1962.Although the bunker was kept stocked with supplies for 30 years, it was never used as an emergency location, even during the.
The existence of the bunker was not acknowledged by the government; of reported it in a 1992 story. Immediately after publication of the Post story, the government decommissioned the bunker. The facility has since been renovated. It is also used as a data storage facility for the.
It is featured as an attraction in which visitors can tour the now declassified facilities, known as The Bunker.Justice family ownership On March 20, 2009, the resort filed for bankruptcy, listing debt of up to $500 million and assets of $100 million. It had suffered from competition from a wide variety of resorts, and declining traffic since the postwar period as patrons shifted to destinations they could reach by automobile. The resort lost $35 million in 2008 and had to lay off 650 employees, half its workforce, in early 2009. Pending court and regulatory approval, it was announced in March 2009 that the resort was to be sold to the hotel chain, contingent upon significant concessions from the and approval of $50 million in financing from CSX.On May 7, 2009, the Justice family of West Virginia purchased the resort for $20 million. The Justice family, headed by patriarch, has extensive farm and mining operations in West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. It farms 50,000 acres (200 km 2) through its Justice Family Farms group, headquartered in. In early 2009, it sold its Bluestone Coal Corporation network of West Virginia coal mines to.The Marriott Corporation asserted that it had a valid contract to purchase the hotel, and expected to see that contract honored.
However, Justice ultimately settled with Marriott. The bankruptcy judge dismissed the case on May 19, 2009, clearing the way for Justice's purchase of the property.The resort was closed briefly after the; however, flood victims who needed a place to stay were offered rooms in the hotel.
The hotel reopened on July 12, 2016, with several amenities, including an off-road trail, several walking trails, and the falconry operation, which had been closed for the year. With Justice's election as in 2017, his daughter Jill took over day-to-day control of The Greenbrier. Facilities The Casino Club at the Greenbrier In November 2008, county voters narrowly approved a local option referendum that would permit -style gambling at the hotel. The rules, regulations, and tax rates were signed into law on May 8, 2009. The Justice family promised that gambling facilities at the resort would be 'tasteful' if established.The temporary casino, named 'The Tavern Casino', opened on October 1, 2009. The permanent casino, The Casino Club at The Greenbrier opened on July 2, 2010 with a celebrity gala.Under the state's regulations, only 'guests' of the Greenbrier may visit the casino.
The hotel and state regulators have differed over the definition of 'guest', as the casino allows persons taking a tour or dining at the resort to visit, without being registered to stay overnight in the hotel. In 2013, the casino added horse racing and associated betting to its offerings.Presidents' Cottage Museum Twenty-six have been hosted at The Greenbrier. The Presidents' Cottage Museum is a two-story building with exhibits about these visits and the history of The Greenbrier.
The building is open seasonally.Golf The resort has a significant place in golf history. The original nine holes were designed by Alexander H. In 1944, became the head golf professional at Greenbrier and in retirement held the position of the resort's pro emeritus. In the 21st century, that title has been held by; the golf pro emeritus is currently.The Greenbrier was the site of the in, the first to be contested under the format of United States against Europe, which has been continued to the present. It hosted the in, the women's equivalent to the Ryder Cup. The Greenbrier is the first of three locations to host both the men's and women's United States versus Europe team competitions, the Ryder and Solheim cups; it was joined in by in, with Scotland's PGA Centenary Course, the host of the, joining when it hosted the.on the Senior PGA Tour (now the ) was held from through.The came to the hotel in with the. After two years of being held on the last weekend of July, the tournament obtained the more favorable date of the first weekend in July, starting in.
On March 28, 2011, The Old White Course became a course. The event was canceled due to in June.All four of the golf courses on the property, the Old White TPC, the Greenbrier Course, the Meadows Course, and the Snead Course were damaged in the 2016 flood. On July 12, 2016, a modified course, made up mostly of the Greenbrier Course but also parts of the Meadows Course, was laid out and opened for play that year. The remaining courses were closed for the year.Medical and sports facilities The Greenbrier Clinic, adjacent to the hotel, has operated as an executive health facility since 1948. In 1971 it began operating independently from the hotel (although still leasing its facility from The Greenbrier).In 2011, Justice announced an ambitious plan to construct the Greenbrier Medical Institute, a large-scale medical facility with a projected cost of at least $250 million, planned to be built in five stages. It was to include a facility to be headed by orthopedic surgeon.
Construction of the first stage began in May 2012.The project was intended to establish relationships with professional sports teams, as the resort wanted to attract a team that would hold its annual at The Greenbrier. In March 2014, the and the hotel reached agreement on a three-year deal. The hotel committed to build three football fields and other facilities for the Saints, at an estimated cost of $20–25 million, adjacent to the medical facilities. The project was to be partially subsidized by tax breaks recently approved by the, with an estimated value of $25 million over 10 years.The relationship between the hotel and the Saints reportedly developed after a visit by Saints head coach to the 2013 golf tournament to play in its competition and then to serve as for his friend, PGA Tour player. After three seasons (during which the Saints praised the Greenbrier's facilities but finished with a 7–9 record every year), the Saints did not renew their contract with the hotel. The took over the facilities for their 2017 training camp., a minor league football organization, held six of the seven games in their inaugural season at The Greenbrier. Popular media In the video game, a location known as 'The Whitespring Resort' was added into the game.
It almost perfectly resembles the exterior and Interior of the Greenbrier.Entombed, a 2010 novel by, takes place in a fictionalized West Virginia hotel with a bunker beneath. The author states in the afterward that he was inspired by the Greenbrier.The Greenbrier was at the center of one of the most memorable moments on the U.S. Comedian 's $1,000,000 question was in reference to the Greenbrier's bunker.
Macdonald was ready to (correctly) guess the Greenbrier but believed host was trying to talk him out of the answer; in fact, Philbin did not know the answer and was trying to ensure that Macdonald did not guess incorrectly, which would have cost Macdonald's charity $468,000 that he had already won. Macdonald instead walked away with $500,000 for 's Hole in the Wall Camps. Gallery. The Greenbrier.
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February 9, 2009. Retrieved April 12, 2019.Sources. The History of The Greenbrier: America's Resort by Robert ConteBibliography. Conte, Robert S. The History of the Greenbrier: America's Resort.
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Signed, in print, L.R. Johnston, General Manager. Possibly a proof copy. Printed as 12 p. On 2 sheets (45 x 58 cm. Or smaller) with text on one side of sheet only. Greenbrier (White Sulphur Springs, W.
The Greenbrier Historical Heritage: White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia: Where the Vacation Season Never Ends. White Sulphur Springs, W. Va.: The Greenbrier, 1965. Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs Company. A Treatise on the White Sulphur Springs and Its Waters, 1892.
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Contains a description of the hotel (with rates), society and its amusements and scenery, with an analysis of the water, a Bird's eye view of the White Sulphur Springs, and information on Chesapeake and Ohio's train service to the area. Keefer, Louis E. Shangri-La for Wounded Soldiers: The Greenbrier As a World War II Army Hospital.
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Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - The front of the Greenbriar Resort hotel where the historic government relocation bunker was built under a wing in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - Linda Walls shows one of the18 ton hidden doors to the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years.
One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence.
Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - This tunnel was the main access corridor during the construction of the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence.
Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - This tunnel corridor was used to resupply the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike.
It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - Linda Walls tells how the exhibit hall used for decades by people who didn't realize that they were in the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - A 30-ton blast door guards the entrance to the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years.
One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - This entrance to the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years had warning signs of high voltage to keep the curious away. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - Linda Walls attempts to swing open a 30-ton wall leading into the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike.
It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS -This rare photo shows the construction of the bunker over which a wing of the hotel was built to hide the secret below.
The historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s was kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - This artist's rendering shows the layout of the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - The front of the Greenbriar Resort where the historic government relocation bunker was built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years.
One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - Linda Walls shows some of the original beds in the clinic and dispensary in the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - Companies held trade conventions in the exhibit hall of the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years.
One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - The entrance to the Greenbriar Resort where the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - The front of the Greenbriar Resort hotel where the historic government relocation bunker was built under a wing in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years.
One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence.
Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - Linda Walls shows one of the18 ton hidden doors to the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence.
Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - This tunnel was the main access corridor during the construction of the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - This tunnel corridor was used to resupply the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - Linda Walls tells how the exhibit hall used for decades by people who didn't realize that they were in the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years.
One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence.
Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - A 30-ton blast door guards the entrance to the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike.
It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - This entrance to the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years had warning signs of high voltage to keep the curious away. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - Linda Walls attempts to swing open a 30-ton wall leading into the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years.
One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS -This rare photo shows the construction of the bunker over which a wing of the hotel was built to hide the secret below. The historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s was kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - This artist's rendering shows the layout of the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years.
One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - The front of the Greenbriar Resort where the historic government relocation bunker was built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike.
It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - Linda Walls shows some of the original beds in the clinic and dispensary in the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence. Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - Companies held trade conventions in the exhibit hall of the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence.
Advocate staff photo by PATRICK DENNIS - The entrance to the Greenbriar Resort where the historic government relocation bunker built in the late 1950s and kept secret for almost 30 years. One of several relocation bunkers, the Greenbriar bunker was intended to shelter members of Congress in the event of a national emergency such as a nuclear strike. It was built, maintained and staffed all those years in complete secrecy until May 31, 1992 when the Washington Post printed a story revealing its existence.